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Case Report
Vulvar extramedullar relapse (genitomegaly) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
1 Professor, Dr, Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
2 Professor, Dr, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Saadet Akarsu
Professor, Dr, Department of Hematology Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig,
Turkey
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Article ID: 100192Z08SA2025
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Akarsu S, Poyraz AK. Vulvar extramedullar relapse (genitomegaly) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Case Rep Images Obstet Gynecol 2025;11(1):11–16.ABSTRACT
Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy. Relapse of ALL occurs in 15–20% of patients, with 2–6% occurring exclusively in extramedullary sites. Extramedullary relapse of leukemia is encountered more often than in the past. The reason is that leukemia survival rates increase with improved treatment schemes. The relapse of ALL usually involves the bone marrow, with the central nervous system being the most frequent extramedullary site. Relapses affect various organs but rarely the female genital tract. The frequency of gynecological involvement, from high to low, is ovary, cervix, uterus, and vulva.
Case Report: We wanted to present a case of vulvar extramedullary recurrence one year after the application of an inadequate ALL chemotherapy protocol.
Conclusion: The survival time of leukemia patients is increasing. The genital area is an area that chemotherapy drugs rarely penetrate. The physicians should be more careful about the genital area after the treatment of girls with leukemia.
Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Aleukemic cutis, Extramedullary relapse, Genital tract
SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Author Contributions
Saadet Akarsu - Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published
Ahmet Kürşat Poyraz - Interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Final approval of the version to be published
Guaranter of SubmissionThe corresponding author is the guarantor of submission.
Source of SupportNone
Consent StatementWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this article.
Data AvailabilityAll relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Conflict of InterestAuthors declare no conflict of interest.
Copyright© 2025 Saadet Akarsu et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information.
